Thailand is internationally known as an LGBTQ+-friendly tourist destination, yet its society remains less accepting of its own LGBTQ+ citizens. Although homosexuality is legal, research shows that many young people still view it negatively. LGBTQ+ individuals face widespread discrimination in employment, education, healthcare, housing, and legal protection.

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Transgender people, known as kathoey, are highly visible in Thai society but continue to experience social exclusion. Many are limited to working in the entertainment or sex industries due to discrimination in professional fields.

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Although prostitution is illegal, it is widely tolerated, allowing the sex industry to become one of Thailand’s most significant economic sectors. This industry includes women, men, children, and LGBTQ+ individuals.

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Thailand is also a major source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking. Poverty drives vulnerable people from rural areas and neighbouring countries into situations of exploitation. While the government has introduced awareness campaigns and support programmes, many efforts focus on women and girls, leaving boys, young men, and LGBTQ+ people especially vulnerable.